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    AUTHOR:
 MONO AUTH: Duarte, Thomas Ka'eo
MONO TITLE: Ka-waiola-a-Umi Aquifer, Hawai'i; a hydrogeological
            characterization
 CORP INFO: Princeton University; Princeton, NJ; United States
            Bachelor's
    SOURCE: 94
REFERENCES: 34
      YEAR: 1995
  LANGUAGE: English
  PUB TYPE: Thesis, Monographic
    FORMAT: illus.
  ABSTRACT: The diverse hydrological and geological phenomena found in the
            Hawaiian Islands have always interested scientists. Combined
            with society's demand for fresh water, the climate for
            hydrological, geological and geochemical research in the islands
            has never been better. Currently there is a keen interest by the
            scientific community and the State of Hawai'i in high-level
            water. This study is aimed at characterizing a recently
            discovered and unusual high-level aquifer--Ka-waiola-a-Umi
            Aquifer on the island of Hawai'i. It is argued herein that this
            large source of water is impounded by (1) dense dike complexes
            underlying the summits, of Huelalai and Mauna Loa volcanoes, (2)
            cascading pahoehoe flows, and (3) an ancestral rift zone buried
            beneath the flanks of the two aforementioned mountains. While
            the dense dike complexes under the summits and the cascading
            pahoehoe flows are relatively easy to defend, it is difficult to
            prove, with currently available information, that the ancestral
            rift exists. However, based on gravity, seismic, aeromagnetic,
            and geomorphologic evidence it is argued that Hualalai mountain
            is the late stage expression of an ancient magma source (rift
            zone) which migrated north due to the growth of the younger
            Mauna Loa. The dike complex of this buried rift is put forth as
            the explanation for the anomalous high-level water. Well data
            and groundwater modeling are then used to (1) deduce reasonable
            hydraulic conductivity values for the inferred geologic
            features, (2) to examine the effects of different dike
            configurations on water levels, and (3) to test the plausibility
            of various geological scenarios which could account for the high-
            level water. Pump test data indicate that net hydraulic
            conductivity values are lower above the inferred aquifer
            boundary than in the coastal basal aquifer; thus indicating a
            low-conductivity complex rather than a single impounding
            structure. After a series of models, it is concluded that the
            geologic hypothesis described above can indeed account for
            Kona's observed well levels, and a model of the Kona district's
            hydrology was produced. Recommendations for high-level well
            location are then able to be made, with the Kainaliu area
            thought to be the best choice for future groundwater
            exploration.
DESCRIPTOR: aquifers; characterization; dikes; East Pacific Ocean Islands;
            ground water; Hawaii; Hawaii County Hawaii; Hawaii Island;
            Hualalai; hydraulic conductivity; hydrogeology; intrusions; Ka-
            waiola-a-Umi Aquifer; Kona; lava flows; levels; Mauna Loa;
            Oceania; Polynesia; United States; water wells; wells
 LATITUDES: N185500; N201600
LONGITUDES: W1545000; W1560500